Showing posts with label Sensor. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sensor. Show all posts

Saturday, January 30, 2016

B4 - Group E - Allison Lock

For out term project, Laura Worley and I are planning to examine the present and future of adaptive, dynamic building systems. The term adaptive building generally refers to a system which senses changes in an environment and responds accordingly to benefit the building and its inhabitants. Adaptive systems are a young and rather undeveloped as a technological field. This is primarily due to the necessity if sensors in such a system. Sensors are used to provide real time information but they were not readily affordable until a couple of years ago.

Currently intelligent systems are becoming more common installations. The most typical systems include motion activated lights, air temperature control systems such as nest, and shifting, sun oriented facades. They are being applied across a wide range of construction types from grocery stores to offices and from high tech buildings to private homes. However we believe that the field is still rather undeveloped. With the expectation that the field will continue to grow significantly in the coming years, due to high sensor and computational capabilities, we have chosen to write a research paper that analyzes discusses upcoming applications and the future of adaptive building systems. It is expected that brief analyses of the history of adaptive systems, current uses, and personal predictions may also be included.

Since there will be a heavy focus on technologies that are currently unavailable and other future extensions of the field, it is expected that restricted research and prediction formation may be the most difficult part of constructing such a paper. It was decided that dynamic buildings are a worthwhile topic to study because of the quick and growing implementation of such technologies into common societal use. We expect this trend to continue and wish to examine the how much integration will occur, how it will affect daily life, and overall environmental and societal impacts.

Adaptive, dynamic buildings relate to intelligent buildings because they simplify control processes which would otherwise be labor intensive and detrimental to energy savings. The implications of such tools across general areas would allow for interactions between buildings to increase effective energy use while eliminating unnecessary waste and byproducts.

I commented on Cristian Almendariz’s and Alex Palma’s posts.

Construction Specialities Inc. "Adaptive and Dynamic Buildings – The Future of Environmental Design & Architecture."ArchDaily. ArchDaily, 10 Aug. 2010. Web. 30 Jan. 2016.


Kim, Jieun. "Adaptive Façade Design for the Daylighting Performance in an Office Building: The Investigation of an Opening Design Strategy with Cellular Automata." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. Oxford Journals, 4 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2016.

B4, Group A, Worley

The project that I have chosen to write about with Allison Locke is Dynamic Building and adaptive buildings. Dynamic buildings are buildings in which the façade changes to accomplish some type of goal. Adaptive and Dynamic Buildings are built for a plethora of different reasons. Some are created to be visually appealing whereas others have environmental, cost and occupational aspects. I have always had an interest in adaptive buildings and thought that this would be a great way to be able to learn more about it.
I think that this fits into the intelligent building topic in the sense that they are intelligent buildings and can interact with the environment around them. 
There are many different dynamic buildings that are currently constructed. We will focus on some of these buildings as well as research and the technology that is used within them. We have found many different buildings that we are interested in. One particular building is the ICT cluster of Central Serbia. This building has a façade with sensors that monitor the amount of sunlight on the building. These sensors are also attached to bubble like structures on the exterior of the building. Depending on the amount of sunlight that is hitting that spot, the bubbles inflate and deflate to provide more or less insulation to the building. After researching current dynamic buildings, we will research new innovative technology for dynamic buildings. Phase changing materials are currently being studied for new alternatives to dynamic buildings. Phase changing materials are able to freeze and melt. These materials release thermal energy in the process. This is currently being researched as a method of heating/cooling buildings. There are quite a few other technologies that are currently being researched and utilized such as sensors, and programming.
As the paper progresses, I'm sure that we will find more dynamic buildings and innovative technologies associated with them to write about and discuss.

Comments:

B4, group D, Redus

As I have progressed through my education I have always enjoyed picking up the background information related to whatever I was learning. Linear Algebra was OK, but Moshe Kam’s history lessons about Isaac Newton’s feuds with Robert Hooke were so much more important to my education. In all seriousness, “background” information will be critical to my job as an engineer. I could just enter numbers into RAM and record the outputs, theoretically the building will stand. Using RAM (or other design software) without understanding the principles behind it is a dangerous proposition though: garbage-in, garbage-out as they say. This quest for information is one of the reasons I took this class, I want to understand the framework behind what we see as “Intelligent Buildings”. How does Revit work? How do BMS utilize databases to store and process information? What are those fancy sensors really doing?

For the final project Bryan and I wanted to delve into building sensors. Sensors are used for many different things in buildings: measuring beam deflections, weld quality, temperature and humidity, occupancy, and many, many others. We decided it would be difficult to learn how every single sensor worked, so we decided to focus on indoor air quality, specifically air particles. The EPA states that particulate matter can include acids, organic chemicals, metal, dust, pollen, and mold [1]. Particles occur inside for a variety of reasons (infiltrating from outside, solid mass stoves, cooking, tobacco smoke, laundry, and industrial processes, among others). These pollutants can have a variety of effects on occupants, few of them positive (reduced lung function, heart attacks [1], cataracts, TB, asthma, adverse pregnancy outcomes [4], even brain shrinkage [3]). Zhang and Smith found that “Tobacco smoke accounted for about 4% of the global burden of disease in 2000.” 
A lovely brown haze over Philadelphia [2]

Most Building Managers try minimizing the concentration of particles in their buildings and they use sensors to measure the effectiveness of their strategies. For this project Bryan and I will be examining how these sensors work, how they convert real particles with mass and volume to digital signals. We will research the different methods that are used to physically “find” and measure the air particles. This will allow us to determine the functionality (usefulness and limits) of such processes. We will also study how this information is converted into a readable digital signal by modeling one (via MATLAB or Excel). There will be a number of challenges that we will need to overcome. Chiefly, we are not very familiar with the physics behind the different particle detection methods. We also do not have a lot of experience with signal processing. In addition, many of the specific processes used are propriety protocols that are closely guarded by the companies that developed them. This will make research challenging. The project should be very interesting however, and I am already enjoying learning about particle sensors.


[1] Office of Air and Radiation. “Particle Pollution and Your Health”. EPA. Accessed 29 January 2016, Available
[2] iStock. Philly.com. 24 April 2015, “Smog May Be Harming Your Brain.” Philadelphia Media Network LLC. Accessed 29 January 2016, Available
[3] Reinberg, Steven of HealthDay News. Philly.com. 24 April 2015, “Smog May Be Harming Your Brain.” Philadelphia Media Network LLC. Accessed 29 January 2016, Available  
[4] Zhang, Junfeng (Jim), Kirk R. Smith. British Medical Bulletin. 2003, Vol. 68, Issue 1, “Indoor Air Pollution: a Global Health Concern,” p.209-235. Oxford University Press. Accessed 29 January 2016, Available

Comment: Frasca, Drones
Comment: Flint, Daylight

Tuesday, January 12, 2016

B1 - Group D - Maria Ayon

When it comes to the HVAC system, new heating, ventilating and cooling techniques are constantly being developed in order to improve its performance in terms of efficiency and cost. Not only new buildings are applying these newer technologies, but also older building are being retrofitted to accommodate the newer technology, yet remain with the older appearance. Such is the case of the The Fraunhofer Institute in South Boston, a 100 year old building that will soon will house cutting edge building technologies. Some of the new, futuristic technologies include smart glass technologies, which allow for windows to tint automatically to maximize daylight, but still keeping heat out. Windows will also be able to produce electricity. Insulation will also be changed to vacuum panels that use gas to maximize the HVAC efficiency. The performance of the HVAC systems and the windows will be managed and measured in climate chambers. The purpose of this retrofit it to show society that newer technologies can be adapted to older buildings, where energy consumption can be decreased by modifying key aspects of the building in order to include the best performing systems in the market. (1)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is known to be the intelligence exhibited by a machine or a software, meaning computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would usually require human intelligence. According to Ericsson and the 5000 people survey, AI will be replacing the smartphone within a period of 5 years. Smartphone have limited capacities, such as limited battery life, its impracticality by always having a screen in one hand and even its lack of visual effects, such as projecting 3D images. Furthermore, AI will be able to take over common smartphone activities such as planning agendas, a task a personal assistant would do. Also, searching the net and even getting traveling guidance. It is also believed that AI would help by keeping company, keep secrets such as medical issues or sensitive matters, and even having a teacher roll if well developed. These technological advances will make a human’s life easier, as it will function along with a human’s daily routine. (2)

The latest innovation of the world of sensors can be seen in Mr. Adam Bosworth’s most recent project, the Internet-of-Things project. The project consists of adding sensors almost anything around you, for example, car bumpers, doors, dams, streets, etc., all being wirelessly connected to data centers where information will be managed. Information of who is in fault after a fender bender will already be fed by the sensors placed on the car bumpers. Also, it will be easy to manage street lights depending on traffic volume. Doors will be able to unlock by detecting the owner as it approaches. This new futuristic technology will change society, as Mr. Bosworth said he is interested in affecting five billion people. Within the following years, the use of sensors will come more common on a daily basis, facilitating the people’s needs. (3)

Databases were once created to meet different needs, such as storing data in memory so it can be accessed faster, or storing data as graphs in order to show the relationship within the data. Nowadays, larger databases are starting to emerge as the amount of data in websites and business in enormous. Orchestrate, a Portland based company, created an online database service which will be able to provide a single place to store the data, acting as several different types of databases at once. This new database was created by stitching together existing systems, allowing full text search be done at the same time as graph analysis and in-memory storage. People like simplicity, so Orchestrate has created this system for people to be able to use one database at once, something that will also simplify the life of the IT tech of the company using it. (4)

The importance in technology is growing, as people are now depending on it for a day to day life. Technological advancements are not only seen in technology bought by the human, such as smartphones, databases, computers, etc. It is now affecting the construction field, where HVAC systems, mechanical systems, and even architectural systems are now flooded with sensors, equipment and software that make the human’s job easier. Less energy consumption, energy production and security are some the the ideas being affected by the new technology. The human interaction with technology will increase when AI and sensors become part of a human’s daily routine.


Comments:

Alex Palma Comment
Cristian Almendariz Comment



B1 Group D: Kate Flint

HVAC
Keen Home’s Smart Vents implement Smart Phone App technology, and pressure and temperature sensors.  Vents can be remotely opened and closed from the App depending on which rooms are occupied during different times of the day. The vents are battery powered and can replace any standard vent. Each room will receive a schedule depending on its function so the app knows what time of day the room is most often occupied.  This cuts down on energy use and will make a residential HVAC system more efficient.  The article also explains that this technology is best when implemented with a smart thermostat.

Sensors
MyFox security system allows a homeowner to monitor their home’s safety when they are away via cameras. When the family returns home the cameras shut off to preserve their privacy.  The system’s 2-way audio capability allows family members away from home to communicate with those in the home. This system also utilizes an App which stores up to 7 days of recorded video, can arm and disarm the system, and monitor who is entering and exiting. Sensors on doors and windows will detect a break-in and sound the alarm before an intruder can enter the home. Users can also allow friends and neighbors access to their security system, which can be helpful when traveling out of town.

Database
Before data can be analyzed, we must understand how it is connected.  Graphing data can be helpful to understand and manipulate data. According to the All Things D article, “graphs are the best abstraction we have for modeling and querying connectedness.” Personally, I have not worked with Big Data before or many databases. A graph database is defined as “an online transactional system that allows you to store, manage and query your data in the form of a graph. Data and databases are important to almost all career fields to help businesses grow and better understand their customers.  Telenor, a wireless Telco company, uses graphs to organize Big Data on customer accounts.

AI/Future
“Artificial Intelligence will replace Smartphone in five years.”  This is an alarming and interesting statement.  This idea was concluded after surveying 5000 Smartphone users around the world. This article explains the many limitations of Smartphone, which explains why AI could replace them. A handheld device with a definite battery life is limiting and impractical.  Most of those polled believed that AI will become wearable and many household appliances will contain an audio AI component.  They also believed that an AI system could replace teachers, travel agents, assistants, and doctors in certain situations.  This article demonstrates that the Smart Homes of the future are much closer than we think.

Comments:
Danielle, I was very interested in the idea you mentioned of "data singularity" and the Internet of Things. I think this technology would be especially helpful in building design and monitoring. Currently I think the construction industry is lacking an understanding of how humans utilize buildings and building systems. An apartment building can have the most advance, efficient HVAC system in the world, but if none of the residence know how to use it properly it is not very efficient.
Another issue I foresee with "data singularity"is the issue of privacy. Americans especially greatly value their privacy and may not want their every move recorded and analyzed for the advancement of science.
As you also stated, many advancements are being made to create more efficient HVAC and lighting systems. Buildings utilize a significant portion of the energy made around the world, and will need to become more efficient during this energy crisis.
I am especially interested in Passive House technology, which sets standards to make a building twice as efficient as a Platinum LEED building.  This technology pairs a highly efficient envelope (with a high R-value) with a small, efficient HVAC system.   Passive House buildings are able to keep and maintain a comfortable internal temperature and use less energy than conventional buildings. These buildings can become more energy efficient by adding AI and smart building components such as Smart Vents and a smart thermostat.

http://www.phius.org/home-page

James http://ae-510-ay15-16.blogspot.com/2016/01/b1-group-d-redus.html?showComment=1452638545809#c6660136212418568563

B1 - Group B - Matthew Zabiega

                3D printing technologies have been around for decades, and at first were called Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies. As early as May 1980 we see the first patent application for this technology.  Advancements were slow at first, but throughout the 1990’s and early 2000’s several different technologies became available. However, the process was still focused solitarily only prototyping applications and R&D teams. After 2005, the technology was still extremely expensive but moved into different applications such as aerospace, automotive, medical and fine jewelry. Finally in 2007, the market was introduced to the first system, Desktop Factory, which was priced under $5,000 which was vastly cheaper than its predecessors.  This opened the door for other companies to invest and research using 3D printing. It wasn’t until 2009 that the first commercially available 3D printing was offered for sale. In 2012 we saw the rise of ‘social media awareness’ in the technology, this made the demand skyrocket, lowered unit price and allowed more development. “Heralded as the 2nd, 3rd and, sometimes even, 4th Industrial Revolution by some, what cannot be denied is the impact that 3D printing is having on the industrial sector and the huge potential that 3D printing is demonstrating or the future of consumers.” (1)
                Now the next huge breakthrough in 3D printing is underway. In order to 3D print anything, it typically has to be of the same material; plastic, metal of glass. As it stood before this breakthrough, if you were able to spend a quarter of a million dollars you were able to extrude 3 materials at once. This is when a team at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) showcased a solution to this materials problem. They created a 3D printer that could extrude up to 10 different materials simultaneously at the fraction of time and cost of its predecessors. This is huge! Now more complex items can be fabricated efficiently and cost effectively. Called the MultiFab, the machine mixes microscopic droplets of photopolymers together and shoots them through inkjet-style printers. Although constructed from ‘off-the-shelf’ components, this machine is very complex. The machine uses a 40-micron (about twice the thickness of a human hair) resolution 3D scanner to know where it is shooting the materials by correcting and re-calibrating itself as the item is progressing. This amount of accuracy allows items to be printed around pre-existing objects. The CSAIL team show-cased this power by printing a phone case... directly onto the phone itself.

            
    This breakthrough can give researchers and hobbyists the chance to create their ideas which were previously impossible to print. This can allow companies and users to edit/finalize designs faster which could bring them to the market sooner. Ramos, a research engineering at CSAIL, envisions a future where large stores can ‘rent’ out this machine and allow people (who do not have $7,000 to purchase it) to print out their product at an reasonable price.  (2)

(1)   3D Printing History: The Free Beginner's Guide - 3D Printing Industry. (2014, May 1). Retrieved January 12, 2016, from http://3dprintingindustry.com/3d-printing-basics-free-beginners-guide/history/

(2)   Evernote shared notebook:. (2015, August 24). Retrieved January 12, 2016, from https://www.evernote.com/pub/aengineer/ae-510#st=p&x=Tags%3A%20Printing&n=6b08ede8-b997-4533-9cc7-d64649c17497 

B1- Yuyang Shi- Group D


Key words:
  • HVAC
  • sensors
  • AI
  • database
  • future

Buildings are artificial, so we cannot talk about intelligent buildings without being aware of the existence of Artificial intelligence. Although we have seen many debates on whether we should take the risk of implement AI to our daily life, for its potential to outthink and even endanger human beings. I personally believe that AI has far more advantages than disadvantages. So whether or not it is wise to invest more on AI technology is quite difficult to find an answer. As it is such a broad topic to conclude all in few sentences. Everything are both good and evil, so why don’t we look at the bright part of this technology?

As I did some research online about AI, I noticed something interesting. When ever people think about AI, people think about robots, or super computers. But AI is much more than that. In building industry, we can also find the footprints of AI. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, 20% of energy consumption are from commercial buildings, and releases 12% of U.S`s greenhouse gases. Thus,  Companies like BuildingIQ are doing a lot of investment and effort on making a more intelligent environmental controlling systems in order to reduce energy consumption, as well as make the indoor environment more desirable. How is this related to AI? Whereas the traditional HVAC system requires human inputs in order to make a desire indoor environment , HVAC system in the future would be much smarter in terms of making our life easier. Such system can study human habits and needs. It uses sensors to collect data of human activities, study from these data, and make changes to the indoor environment accordingly.

Of course the process of making this type of system would be very complex. A lot of algorithms and concepts are involved. What it does is simple and easy to be accepted by us: It saves money. With intelligent control, customer savings can be reduced up to a 25% in HVAC energy cost, said by the company BuildingIQ. Most importantly, if there is a problem happening in the system, the system would be able to know exactly what the problem is, where the problem is, and how to fix the problem . As a result the maintenance fee can also be reduced.

In sum, our future is bright. We are lucky to be born in such era with so many fascinating technologies that are waiting for being explored. So with Artificial Intelligence HVAC  system, a single click of a button to make a desirable indoor environment can not only be dream come true, but also, ironically, not necessary. 

Links:
  1. http://www.planetexperts.com/buildingiqs-artificial-intelligence-delivers-next-generation-energy-efficiency/
  2. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/apj.5500010105/abstract
  3. http://www.simplythebestac.com/blog/top-3-hvac-technologies-coming-year/

Comments:
  1. http://ae-510-ay15-16.blogspot.com/2016/01/b1-group-b-kai-waechter.html?showComment=1452574077442#c9019580381354453328
  2. http://ae-510-ay15-16.blogspot.com/2016/01/b1-group-laura-worley.html?showComment=1452575050380#c7318221102556651009

Monday, January 11, 2016

B1: Group D: Redus

HVAC (& BIM)
The design of HVAC systems has changed significantly BIM systems have increased complexity. Until relatively recently man regulated the air quality and temperature of their dwellings by windows and fire. Obviously these primitive systems did not require advanced modeling techniques. During the last century people have developed many new tool to condition the air. Buffalo Forge was an early company that invented dehumidifiers and air filters. It was the fan however that created the HVAC industry [1]. Fans and pumps allowed air and other fluids to be piped from a central unit to auxiliary spaces. This allowed buildings to expand: rooms did not need windows to ventilate or a hearth to heat them.

The expanding complexity of HVAC systems also meant that designing them was more difficult. The loads of the spaces had to be calculated, and the engineer need to discern how best to condition them. The engineer and architect also needed to make sure the HVAC system did not interfere with any other systems. As the quality of indoor spaces improved people became fussier about the quality of their indoor space. Fortunately for the designers of such systems, humans were inventing computers simultaneous to fans, refrigerators, and filters. Enter BIM.

The concept of Building Information Modeling was first published in a 1962 paper by Douglas Englebart [2], it would take some time before his ideas would become a reality (rendering is difficult for punch cards). The first significant step was Charles Eastman’s Building Description System (a similar system was developed in the Soviet Union). Quirk describes it as a GUI that could render view and had a “sortable database that allows the user to retrieve information categorically by attributes,” (it was written on a PEP-10). BIM began to gain traction in the design community of England during the 1980’s with a variety of now forgotten systems. The 90’s saw an interesting development in BIM (of equal importance: I was born). Lawrence Berkeley National Labs (LBNL) developed the Building Design Advisor which could perform simulations and evaluate a model against given criteria. The International Foundation Class (IFC) file format was also developed in 1995 to ensure that different BIM systems could communicate with each other. The promised that structural engineer, MEP engineers, and architects will be able to communicate with each other.

The first popular BIM software was Revit, first released in 2000. Revit created a “ visual programming environment for creating parametric families [a set of related objects that are defined by a set of parameters] and [importantly] allowing for a time attribute to be added to a component,”  [2]. This time attribute allows contractors to simulate the building process. Other companies have created other BIM systems since Revit’s inception. The main advantage of such systems to an HVAC engineer is the ability to coordinate drawings among disciplines and reduce unforeseen conflicts.

Much more interesting to the engineer are the simulation programs. These programs can predict peak and annual loads to optimize system sizing and selection. Revit can produce such simulations, but there are many free software systems such as eQuest and OpenStudio that are also capable. eQuest operates on the U.S. Department of Energy’s DOE-2. Created in 1998 DOE-2 is a building energy analysis program that employs building and weather data to create an energy simulation (in hour increments) [3]. It is also capable of estimating the building’s utility costs (interestingly, it was also designed by LBNL, among others). eQuest utilizes wizards to input the data into DOE-2 and presents the results in a user-friendly format. This allows HVAC designers to evaluate and compare different system selections. EnergyPlus is the next generation of DOE-2. It can handle additional complexities such as air movement between zones and more advanced fenestration models [4]. Simergy is the GI for EnergyPlus. OpenStudio is an open source collection of software tools for energy modeling. It uses EnergyPlus and a daylight analysis program called Radiance. There are many other energy modeling tool that a engineering firm can utilize to help select the best system design.

Sensors
Merriam-Webster defines a sensor as “a device that responds to a physical stimulus (as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse (as for measurement or operating control.” Cornelis Drebbel, the famous inventor, built the first thermostat prior to 1630 [5]. The 1880s saw the invention of the first electric room thermostat. Many different sensors have been developed since that time. The Clapper is a company that sells a system to turn ones lights on or off when they clap. Some of the more common building sensors include temperature, humidity, motion, CO2, and light.

Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is practice of simulating human intelligence, especially through computer science. One interesting recent development in AI is the ability of computers to “see.” While the first digital cameras were developed in the mid-1970s and facial-recognition in the late 1990s computers have been unable to comprehend what they are looking at (beyond basic geometry). One fascinating project by Baidu aims to change that. Their produce, called DuLight, generates an audio description of a live image [6]. While the goal of the project is merely to increase the perception of a blind person, there is a lot of potential from this project. Computers can already operate from written words (this is what modern programming is based on). A computer that can see can operate based on its surroundings.

Database
Wikipedia defines a database as “an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring such information.” In other words, database software provides convenient ways to enter, store, and retrieve relevant information for a set of events. They are the backbone of BIM systems. The wonderful thing about BIM is that each object has a useful description built in. A slab in AutoCAD looks like a rectangle. A slab in Revit has a thickness, materials, construction time, R-value, and many other specifications. Revit knows all this information because the project file is really a database file, the UI simply a wizard.

Future
What does the future hold? No one really knows, but it looks pretty exciting (if the politicians don’t screw things up). When our parents were born (the 60s), computer memory was just transitioning away from paper. When we were born (the 90s) laptops and the internet were gaining popularity and computer games were becoming a thing [7]. Now (2015) we carry the entirety of human knowledge in our pocket and consider computer programming requisite part of elementary education. In the 60s every building was drawn on paper by hand, the only calculation aid a slide rule. Today we have many complex applications to model and simulate our buildings (Revit, SAP2000, Simergy, etc.). What will our industry look like in 2070? While I really have no idea, I can guess one thing based on history: we won’t be bored.




[1] Stonecypher, Lamar. Bright Hub Engineering. 26 November 2009, “History of HVAC: Knowing the Timeline.” Accessed 9 January 2016, Available: < brighthubengineering.com>

[2] Quirk, Vanessa. Arch Daily. 7 December 2012, “A Brief History of BIM.” Accessed 9 January 2016, Available: <archdaily.com>

[3] James J. Hirsch & Assiciates. DOE2.com. 2012, “Welcome to DOE2.com.” Accessed 9 January 2016, available: <doe2.com>

[4] U.S. Department of Energy. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 11 December 2015, “EnergyPlus Energy Simulation Software.” Accessed 9 January 2016, available: <apps1.eere.energy.gov>

[5] Tierie, Gerrit. Cornelis Drebbel. 1932. Accessed 11 January 2016, available: <drebbel.net>

[6] Metz, Cade. Wired. 1 January 2016, “Artificial Intelligence Finally Entered our Everyday World.” Accessed 11 January 2016, available: <wired.com>


[7] Computer History Museum. Timeline of Computer History. 2016. Accessed 11 January 2016, available: <computerhistory.org>

Comments:
http://ae-510-ay15-16.blogspot.com/2016/01/b1-group-d-kate-flint.html?showComment=1452634055589#c3874827947329324040

http://ae-510-ay15-16.blogspot.com/2016/01/b1-future.html?showComment=1452636034867#c6839479571691892893

Wednesday, December 30, 2015

Common Topic Labels (Tags) for the Course

 Common Topic Labels (Tags) for the Course


Below are topics that we'll address in the course.  This post creates them as labels.  Please use these labels when creating your own posts to help people find topics that interest them.  You can add your own as well when creating a post.
TOPIC
  • 3D Printing
  • AI
  • BIM
  • Building
  • Civil
  • Computer
  • Database
  • Design
  • Electrical
  • Environmental
  • Future
  • Hardware
  • HVAC
  • Network
  • Robotics
  • Sensor
  • Software
  • Structures
  • System
  • Term Project
Note:  In a separate post I’m creating a label that consists of each student’s last name.  Please apply the label for your last name